@misc{Zandron:Priorities_and_Variable_Thickness:2000, author={Claudio Zandron and Claudio Ferretti and Giancarlo Mauri}, title={Priorities and Variable Thickness of Membranes in Rewriting {P} Systems}, year={2000} } @misc{Freund:Computing_with_Membranes_Three:2000, author={Rudolf Freund and Carlos Mart{\'i}n-Vide and Gheorghe P{\u a}un}, title={Computing with Membranes: Three More Collapsing Hierarchies}, year={2000} } @misc{Stefan:Chaotic_membrane_computation:2002, author={Gheorghe Stefan}, title={Chaotic membrane computation with cellular automata}, year={2002} } @misc{Cioban:A_Computational:Un, author={Gabriel Ciobanu and Vlad Ciubotariu and Bogdan Tanasa}, title={A Computational Model of Membrane Transportation}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Bel_En:Dynamic_meaning:Un, author={Gemma Bel-Enguix and M. Dolores Jim{\'e}nez-L{\'o}pez}, title={Dynamic meaning membrane systems}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Bel_En:Membrane_system:Un, author={Gemma Bel-Enguix and M. Dolores Jim{\'e}nez-L{\'o}pez}, title={Membrane systems for conversation modeling}, note={Gemma Bel-Enguix, Introducing Parallelism in Conversation Modeling with Membrane Systems (submitted).}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Cavali:Evolutioncomm:Un, author={Matteo Cavaliere}, title={Evolution, communication and observation. From biology to membrane systems and back}, note={RNGC Report 03/2004, Sevilla University.}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Madhu:Rewriting_P_Sys:Un, author={Mutyam Madhu}, title={Rewriting {P} Systems. Collapsing Hierarchies}, note={Theoretical Computer Science, to appear}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Freund:On_Deterministi:Un, author={Rudolf Freund and Gheorghe P{\u a}un}, title={On Deterministic {P Systems}}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Qi:The_P_system_ba:Un, author={Zhengwei Qi and Jinyuan You and Ying Jin and Hongyan Mao}, title={The {P System} based transaction model for mobile computing}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Botton:Membrane_System:00, author={Paolo Bottoni and Carlos Mart{\'i}n-Vide and Gheorghe P{\u a}un and Grzegorz Rozenberg}, title={Membrane Systems with Promoters/Inhibitors.}, year={2000}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Krishna:On_Simple_P_Sys:00, author={Shankara Narayanan Krishna and Raghavan Rama}, title={On Simple {P Systems} with External Output}, year={2000}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Obtulo:Note_on_some_re:01, author={Adam Obtulowicz}, title={Note on some recursive family of {P Systems} with active membranes}, year={2001}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Rodrig:Computing_with_:01, author={Alfonso Rodriguez-Pat{\'o}n}, title={Computing with Membranes: {P Systems} with {DNA-Worms}}, note={GECCO, 2001 (poster)}, year={2001}, howpublished={GECCO, 2001 (poster)} } @misc{Paun:On_the_reachabi:01, author={Gheorghe P{\u a}un and Mario J. P{\'e}rez-Jim{\'e}nez and Fernando Sancho-Caparrini}, title={On the reachability problem for {P Systems} with porters}, note={Proc. AFL10, Debrecen, 2002}, year={2001}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Subr:A_note_on_self_:01, author={K.G. Subramanian and D.G. Thomas and M.H. Begum and P.H. Chandra}, title={A note on self crossover and splicing {P Systems}}, note={Pre-Proceedings of WMC 2001 (No est{\'a} en los proceedings: Fundamenta Informaticae 49)}, year={2001} } @misc{Krishna:Time-Varying_an:01, author={Shankara Narayanan Krishna and Raghavan Rama}, title={Time-Varying and Null Parallel {P Systems}}, note={No aparece}, year={2001}, howpublished={No aparece} } @misc{Ciobanu:Distributed_com:02, author={Gabriel Ciobanu}, title={Distributed computing in {P Systems} with antiport communication}, year={2002}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Madhu:A_Note_on_P_Sys:02, author={Mutyam Madhu}, title={A Note on {P Systems} with Replicated Rewriting}, year={2002}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Madhu_:Hybrid_P_System:02, author={Mutyam Madhu and Kamala Krithivasan}, title={Hybrid {P Systems}: Improved Universality Results}, note={Poster in Unconventional Models of Computation, UMC-02, Himeji, Japan, October 15-19, 2002}, year={2002}, month={October 15-19}, howpublished={Poster in Unconventional Models of Computation, UMC-02, Himeji, Japan, October 15-19, 2002} } @misc{Madhu:Hardware_Realiz:02, author={Mutyam Madhu and Vadali S. Murty and Kamala Krithivasan}, title={Hardware Realization of {P Systems} with Carriers}, note={Poster presentation in the Eighth International Conference on DNA based Computers, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Campus, Japan, June 10-13, 2002}, year={2002}, month={June}, howpublished={Poster presentation in the Eighth International Conference on DNA based Computers, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Campus, Japan, June 10-13, 2002} } @misc{Krishna:Infinite_hierar:02, author={Shankara Narayanan Krishna}, title={Infinite hierarchies on some variants of {P Systems}}, year={2002}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Ji:Towards_the_mod:Un, author={Sungchul Ji and Gabriel Ciobanu}, title={Towards the modeling of cell communication and computation using the shape algebra of biopolymers}, note={psystems.disco.unimib.it}, year={2002}, howpublished={psystems.disco.unimib.it} } @misc{Syropo:Fuzzyfying_P_Sy:Un, author={A. Syropoulos}, title={Fuzzyfying {P Systems}}, year={2003}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Obtulo:New_mathematica:Un, author={Adam Obtulowicz}, title={New mathematical foundations of membrane computing; Attacking {NP} complete problems revisited}, year={2003}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{PerezJ:Computing_a_par:01, author={Antonio Perez-Jimenez and Mario J. Perez-Jimenez and Fernando Sancho-Caparrini}, title={Computing a partial mapping by {P Systems}: Design and verification}, note={M. Cavaliere, C. Mart{\'i}n-Vide, Gh. Paun (Eds), Brainstorming Week on Membrane Computing; Tarragona, Feb 5-11 2003, 247-260}, year={2003} } @misc{Lakshm:Computational_U:Un, author={K. Lakshmanan}, title={Computational Universality and Solving {NP} Complete Problems using Insertion Deletion Tissue {P Systems}}, year={2003}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Verlan:2MOLCONET:2003, author={Sergei Verlan}, title={Communicating Distributed H Systems with Alternating Filters and Tissue P Systems with Minimal Symport/Antiport}, note={EMCC Workshop - 2nd Annual MolCoNet Meeting November 27-29, 2003 Wien, Austria}, year={2003} } @misc{Cordon-Franco:Cellular, author = {A. Cordon-Franco and M.A. Guti{\'e}rrez-Naranjo and M.J. Perez-Jimenez and A. Riscos-Nunez}, title = {Cellular solutions to some numerical NP-complete problems. A Prolog implementation Molecular Computational Models}, note = {Idea-Group, London 2004, 115--149}, year = {2004}, howpublished = {Unconventional Approaches (M. Gheorghe, ed.)}, } @misc{Binder:Implem_of_Catalytic:Subm04, author={Aneta Binder and Rudolf Freund and Georg Lojka and Marion Oswald}, title={Implementation of catalytic {P Systems}}, note={CIAA 2004, Ninth Intern. Conf. on Implementation and Application of Automata, Kingston, Canada, 2004, 24--33}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{DiNola:Handling_Imprecision:04, author={Antonio Di-Nola and Gheorghe P{\u a}un and Mario J. P{\'e}rez-Jim{\'e}nez and Francesc Rossell{\'o}}, title={(Imprecise Topic About) {H}andling Imprecision in {P Systems}}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Sburlan:Bull:2004, author={D. Sburlan}, title={New Results on {P} systems with multiset promoted/inhibited rules}, note={pages 45--54}, year={2004}, howpublished={Bull. PAMM, 2164} } @misc{Bertinshaw:algorithmic_learning:04, author={Daniel Bertinshaw}, title={Algorithmic learning applications to {P Systems}}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Besozzi:Dynamical_prob:Subm04, author={Daniela Besozzi and Claudio Zandron}, title={Dynamical probabilistic {P Systems}}, note={¿DNA10 poster?}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Csuhaj:PC_grammar_systems:Subm04, author={Erzs{\'e}bet Csuhaj-Varj{\'u} and Gheorghe P{\u a}un and Gyorgy Vaszil}, title={Grammar systems vs. membrane computing: The case of {PC} grammar systems}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Csuhaj:CD_grammar_systems:Subm04, author={Erzs{\'e}bet Csuhaj-Varj{\'u} and Gheorghe P{\u a}un and Gyorgy Vaszil}, title={Grammar systems vs. membrane computing: The case of {CD} grammar systems}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{CsuhajVarju:On_The_Comp:Subm04, author={Erzs{\'e}bet Csuhaj-Varj{\'u} and Oscar H. Ibarra and Gyorgy Vaszil}, title={On the computational complexity of {P automata}}, note={DNA 10}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Bel:Linguistic_membrane:Subm04, author = {Gemma Bel-Enguix and M. Dolores Jim{\'e}nez-L{\'o}pez}, title = {Linguistic membrane systems and applications}, note = {Gemma Bel-Enguix and M. Dolores Jim{\'e}nez-L{\'o}pez, Linguistic membrane systems and applications, in G. Ciobanu and Gh. P{\u a}un and M.J. P{\'e}rez-Jim{\'e}nez (eds.) Applications of Membrane Computing, Berlin, Springer-Verlag (in press).}, year = {2004}, howpublished = {Submitted}, } @misc{Paun:P_Systems_on_Gr:Un, author={Gheorghe P{\u a}un and Yasubumi Sakakibara and Takashi Yokomori}, title={{P Systems} on Graphs of Restricted Forms}, note={Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen, to appear}, year={2004}, howpublished={Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen, to appear} } @misc{Bianco:P_, author={Luca Bianco and Federico Fontana and Giuditta Franco and Vincenzo Manca}, title={{P Systems} in bio systems}, note={in G. Paun, P systems: Applications and Perspectives, to appear, 2004}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{PerezJimenez:Hard_Problems:04, author={M.J. Perez-Jimenez and Alvaro Romero-Jim{\'e}nez and Fernando Sancho-Caparrini}, title={Hard problems addressed through {P Systems}}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Cavaliere:Modelling_respiration:Subm04, author={Matteo Cavaliere and Ioan I. Ardelean}, title={Modelling respiration in bacteria and respiration/photosynthesis interaction in Cyanobacteria by using a {P System} simulator}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Cavaliere:time_free_P_Systems:04, author={Matteo Cavaliere and Vincenzo Deufemia}, title={On time-free {P Systems}}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Madhu:leftmost_rewriting:04, author={Mutyam Madhu and Kamala Krithivasan}, title={Tissue {P Systems} with leftmost rewriting}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Ibarra:Determinism_Versus_Nondeterminism:04, author={Oscar H. Ibarra}, title={On Determinism Versus Nondeterminism in {P Systems}}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Ibarra:maximal_parallelism_in_P:Subm04, author={Oscar H. Ibarra and H.-C. Yen and Zhe Dang}, title={The power of maximal parallelism in {P Systems}}, note={To appear in Proceedings of DLT'04 Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer. 2004.}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Freund:Asynchronous_P_systems_on:Subm04, author={Rudolf Freund}, title={Asynchronous {P Systems} on arrays and strings}, note={DLT'04 - Eighth International Conference on Developments in Language Theory. To appear in Proceedings of DLT'04 Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer. 2004.}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Freund:Dynamic_Channels_2004, author={Rudolf Freund and Marion Oswald}, title={P systems with dynamic channels transporting membrane vesicles}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Verlan:Tissue_with_minimal:Subm04, author={Sergey Verlan}, title={Tissue {P Systems} with minimal symport/antiport}, note={DLT'04 - Eighth International Conference on Developments in Language Theory, Auckland, New Zealand - December 13-17 2004}, year={2004} } @misc{Krishna:Mobile_membranes:04, author={Shankara Narayanan Krishna and Gheorghe P{\u a}un}, title={{P Systems} with mobile membranes}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Ishdorj:Replicative_distribution_rules:Subm04, author={Tseren Onolt Ishdorj and Mihai Ionescu}, title={Replicative-distribution rules in {P Systems} with active membranes}, note={First International Colloquium on THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING Guiyang, China 20 - 24 September 2004}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Korczynski:tool_to_deal_concurrency:Subm04, author={Waldemar Korczynski}, title={{P Systems} as a tool to deal with concurrency in accounting}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Suzuki:Toward_a_novel:Subm04, author={Yasuhiro Suzuki and Daniela Besozzi and Claudio Zandron and Hiroshi Tanaka and Giancarlo Mauri}, title={Toward a novel computational framework for molecular computing: chemical reaction as computation}, note={DNA10, Milano, 2004}, year={2004}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Apostolos:Generalized_fuzzy:2005, author={A. Apostolos}, title={Generalized fuzzy multisets and {P} systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Apaun:P, author={A. Paun and B. Popa}, title={P systems with proteins on membranes}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Porreca:Complexity, author={A. Porreca and G. Mauri and C. Zandron}, title={Complexity Classes for Membrane Systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Rodriguez:characterize, author = {A. Rodriguez-Paton and P. Sosik}, title = {P systems with active membranes characterize {PSPACE}}, booktitle = {DNA Computing, 12th Int. Meeting on DNA Computing, DNA 12}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag, Berlin}, address = {Seoul, Korea}, editor = {C. Mao, T. Yokomori}, pages = {33--46}, abstract = {A P system is a natural computing model inspired by information processes in cells and a control role of cellular membranes. We show that uniform families of P systems with active membranes are able to solve, in polynomial time, exactly the class of decisional problems {PSPACE}. Similar results were achieved also with other models of bio-inspired computers, such as DNA computing. Together they suggest that {PSPACE} naturally characterizes the computational potential of biological information processing.}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, volume = {4287}, } @misc{Bonchis:UC05:2005, author={C. Bonchis and G. Ciobanu and C. Isbasha and D. Petcu}, title={A web-based P system simulator and its parallelization}, year={2005}, howpublished={UC05, accepted} } @misc{Graciani:UC05:2005, author={C. Graciani and A. Riscos-Nunez}, title={Looking for simple common schemes to design recognizer P systems with active membranes that solve numerical decision problems}, year={2005}, howpublished={UC05, accepted} } @misc{Csuhaj:Editing_Configurations:2005, author={Erzsebet Csuhaj-Varju and Antonio Di Nola and Gheorghe P{\u a}un and Mario Jes{\'u}s P{\'e}rez-Jim{\'e}nez and Gy{\"o}rgy Vaszil}, title={Editing configurations of {P} systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Bernardini:Quorum, author={F. Bernardini and M. Gheorghe and N. Krasnogor}, title={Quorum sensing P systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Bernardini:UC05:2005, author={F. Bernardini and M. Gheorghe and N. Krasnogor and J.-L. Giavitto}, title={On self-assembly in population P systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={UC05, accepted} } @misc{Ciobanu:The, author={G. Ciobanu and Gheorghe P{\u a}un}, title={The minimal parallelism is still universal (for P systems with symport/antiport rules)}, year={2005} } @misc{Paun:MC_Power_Efficiency_applications:2005, author={Gheorghe P{\u a}un}, title={Membrane computing: Power, efficiency, applications}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Paun:Brief, author={Gheorghe P{\u a}un and M.J. Perez-Jimenez}, title={Membrane computing: Brief introduction, recent results and applications}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Paun:Infinite, author={Gheorghe P{\u a}un and M.J. Perez-Jimenez and G. Rozenberg}, title={Infinite spike trains in spiking neural P systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Paun:Spike, author={Gheorghe P{\u a}un and M.J. Perez-Jimenez and G. Rozenberg}, title={Spike trains in spiking neural P systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Paun:MC_and_Economics:submitted:2005, author={Gheorghe P{\u a}un and R. Paun}, title={Membrane Computing and Economics: Numerical P Systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Paun:Mcas_a_framework:2005, author={Gheorghe P{\u a}un and R. Paun}, title={Membrane computing as a framework for modeling economic processes}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Cardona:Handling, author={M. Cardona and M. Angels Colomer and M.J. Perez-Jimenez and A. Zaragoza}, title={Handling Markov chains with membrane computing}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Cavaliere:external, author={M. Cavaliere and A. Riscos-Nunez and G. Rozenberg and D. Sburlan}, title={Membrane systems with external control}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Cavaliere:marked, author={M. Cavaliere and A. Riscos-Nunez and R. Brijder and G. Rozenberg}, title={Membrane systems with marked membranes}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Gheorghe:self-assembly:submitted:2005, author={M. Gheorghe and Gheorghe P{\u a}un}, title={Computing by self-assembly: DNA molecules, polyominoes, cells}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Gutierrez-Naranjo:UC05:2005, author = {M. Guti{\'e}rrez-Naranjo and M.J. Perez-Jimenez}, title = {P systems with active membranes, without polarizations and without dissolution: a characterization of P}, year = {2005}, howpublished = {UC05, accepted}, } @misc{Ionescu:Spiking, author={M. Ionescu and Gheorghe P{\u a}un and T. Yokomori}, title={Spiking neural-like P systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Perez-Jimenez:ECAL:2005, author={M.J. Perez-Jimenez and F.J. Romero-Campero}, title={Modelling Vibrio fischeri's behaviour Using P Systems}, year={2005}, month={September}, howpublished={accepted in the Systems Biology Workshop, ECAL 2005} } @misc{Perez:Modelling_EFGR:2005, author={Mario J. P{\'e}rez-Jimenez and Francisco Jos{\'e} Romero-Campero}, title={Modelling EGFR signalling network using continuous membrane systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Ibarra:context-sensitive, author={O.H. Ibarra and Gheorghe P{\u a}un}, title={Characterizations of context-sensitive languages and other language classes in terms of symport/antiport P systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Ibarra:On, author={O.H. Ibarra and H.-C. Yen}, title={On deterministic catalytic P systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Brijder:Communication, author={R. Brijder and G. Rozenberg and M. Cavaliere and A. Riscos-Nunez and D. Sburlan}, title={Communication membrane systems with active symports}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{R_Paun:Producers_retailers:manuscript:2005, author={R. Paun}, title={Producers, retailers, and their investments. A membrane computing approach}, year={2005}, howpublished={manuscript} } @misc{Freund:Tissue_P_Sys_Symp_Ant_are_universal:2005, author={Rudolf Freund and Marion Oswald}, title={Tissue P systems with symport/antiport rules of one symbol are computationally universal}, year={2005}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Dang:UC05:2005, author={Z. Dang and O.H. Ibarra and C. Li and G. Xie}, title={On model-checking of P systems}, year={2005}, howpublished={UC05, accepted} } @misc{Apaun:ewriting, author={A. Paun and B. Popa}, title={Rewriting P systems with communication by symport rules}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Apaun:Small_universal:Submitted:2006, author={A. Paun and Gheorghe P{\u a}un}, title={Small universal spiking neural P systems}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{GhPaun:Manuscript:2006, author={Gheorghe P{\u a}un}, title={2006 Research topics in membrane computing}, year={2006}, howpublished={Nanuscript} } @misc{Chen:Spiking_neural:Submitted:2006, author={H. Chen and Gheorghe P{\u a}un and M.J. Perez-Jimenez}, title={Spiking neural P systems with extended rules}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Chen:Trace_languages:Submitted:2006, author={H. Chen and M. Ionescu and A. Paun and Gheorghe P{\u a}un and B. Popa}, title={On trace languages generated by spiking neural P systems}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Chen:String_languages:Submitted:2006, author={H. Chen and R. Freund and M. Ionescu and Gheorghe P{\u a}un and M.J. Perez-Jimenez}, title={On string languages generated by spiking neural P systems}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Kleijn:Process_semantics:Submitted:2006, author={J. Kleijn and M. Koutny and G. Rozenberg}, title={Process semantics for membrane systems}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Bianco:Computation_of_biochemical:2006, author={L. Bianco and F. Fontana and V. Manca}, title={Computation of biochemical dynamics using MP systems}, year={2006}, howpublished={Computational Methods in Systems Biology, International Conference (poster)} } @misc{GutierrezNaranjo:Manuscript:2006, author = {M.A. Guti{\'e}rrez-Naranjo}, title = {Fractals and P systems}, year = {2006}, howpublished = {Manuscript}, } @misc{Busi:Decidability:Submitted:2006, author={N. Busi}, title={Decidability of divergence for catalytic P systems}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Ibarra:Normal_forms:Submitted:2006, author={O.H. Ibarra and A. Paun and Gheorghe P{\u a}un and A. Rodriguez-Paton and P. Sosik and S.Woodworth}, title={Normal forms for spiking neural P systems}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Frisco:Dynamics_of_HIV:2006, author={P. Frisco and D. W. Corne}, title={Dynamics of HIV infection studied with Cellular Automata and Conformon-P systems}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Krishna:Combining:Submitted:2006, author={S. Krishna}, title={Combining brane calculus and membrane computing}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Ishdorj:Minimal, author={T.-O. Ishdorj}, title={Minimal parallelism for polarizationless P systems}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} } @misc{Dang:Decidability:Submitted:2006, author={Z. Dang and O.H. Ibarra and C. Li}, title={Decidability of model-checking P systems}, year={2006}, howpublished={Submitted} }